{"id":24,"date":"2021-07-18T08:23:41","date_gmt":"2021-07-18T07:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/?p=24"},"modified":"2021-08-22T14:43:13","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T13:43:13","slug":"replika-mikropocitaca-mistrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/2021\/07\/18\/replika-mikropocitaca-mistrum\/","title":{"rendered":"Replika mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da MISTRUM I. – vznik a hist\u00f3ria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prvou kon\u0161trukciou, ktor\u00fa si pop\u00ed\u0161eme bude legend\u00e1rna \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00e1 replika celosvetovo zn\u00e1meho, a\u017e kultovn\u00e9ho mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da ZX Spectrum od firmy Sinclair, ktor\u00fd svojim uveden\u00edm na trh poriadne roz\u010deril dovtedy pomerne pokojn\u00e9 vody trhu s osobn\u00fdmi a dom\u00e1cimi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi. A to jednak svojou kompaktnos\u0165ou, na t\u00fa dobu neb\u00fdval\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami (relat\u00edvne ve\u013ek\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165, farebn\u00e1 grafika, zabudovan\u00fd v\u00fdkonn\u00fd programovac\u00ed jazyk Basic), ale hlavne svojou mimoriadne priaznivou cenou, \u010do z neho takmer okam\u017eite urobilo jedn\u00e9ho z najdominantnej\u0161\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010dov na tomto trhu. Obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo programov, ktor\u00e9 pre tento mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d (a jeho nasledn\u00edkov) vznikli – \u010di u\u017e sa jedn\u00e1 o hry, alebo aj aplika\u010dn\u00e9 programy – t\u00fato jeho dominanciu len potvrdilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"\"Ale po\u010fme u\u017e na samotn\u00fd MISTRUM. Kon\u0161trukcia tohoto po\u010d\u00edta\u010da bola zverejnen\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 Radio pro konstrukt\u00e9ry (modr\u00e9) \u010d.1\/1989<\/strong>. Kon\u0161trukt\u00e9rmi tohto v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9ho klonu s\u00fa Ing. Milan Pra\u017ean<\/em> a Jarom\u00edr Myna\u0159\u00edk<\/em>. V samotnom \u010dasopise n\u00e1jdeme vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00faci popis funk\u010dnosti predlohy pre Mistrum – teda mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da ZX Spectrum. T\u00e1to anal\u00fdza v\u00fdborne posl\u00fa\u017eila autorom na skon\u0161truovanie klonu, ktor\u00fd s\u00edce na rozdiel od origin\u00e1lu obsahuje podstatne viac obvodov, av\u0161ak nako\u013eko obsahuje len s\u00fa\u010diastky, ktor\u00e9 boli v tej dobe dostupn\u00e9 v maloobchodnej sieti predajn\u00ed Tesla, alebo sa dali k\u00fapi\u0165 na inzer\u00e1t, obch\u00e1dzal katastrof\u00e1lny nedostatok z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok a taktie\u017e obi\u0161iel k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa s\u00fa\u010diastku p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho Spectra – obvod ULA, ktor\u00fd bol v tej dobe v podstate nezohnate\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MISTRUM nie je \u00fapln\u00fdm klonom ZX Spectra, nako\u013eko (ako sa dozvieme v spom\u00ednanom \u010dl\u00e1nku), n\u00e1hrada ULA nie je \u00fapln\u00e1 a vyu\u017e\u00edva tro\u0161ku in\u00fa strat\u00e9giu pri pr\u00edstupe do Video RAM, \u010do na jednej strane umo\u017enilo pou\u017ei\u0165 dynamick\u00e9 pam\u00e4te RAM 4164 aj s vy\u0161\u0161ou pr\u00edstupovou dobou (nako\u013eko \u010d\u00edtanie videoinform\u00e1ci\u00ed za vykon\u00e1va zo statickej RAM s kapacitou 8kB, ktor\u00e1 bola za t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010delom do syst\u00e9mu pridan\u00e1) a na druhej strane prinieslo asi 3% zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, nako\u013eko nie je nutn\u00e9 tak \u010dasto „brzdi\u0165“ procesor, ke\u010f\u017ee sa zn\u00ed\u017eil mo\u017en\u00fd po\u010det konfliktov pri pr\u00edstupe do Video RAM. Cel\u00fd mechanizmus je ve\u013emi dobre pop\u00edsan\u00fd v p\u00f4vodnom \u010dl\u00e1nku a nebudeme ho tu teraz rozobera\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to v\u00fdhoda m\u00e1 jednu mal\u00fa nev\u00fdhodu – r\u00f4zne dem\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa exaktn\u00e9 \u010dasovanie p\u00f4vodnej kon\u0161trukcie a po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa s n\u00edm, be\u017eia tie\u017e tro\u0161ka r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom r\u00f4zne zlo\u017eito \u010dasovan\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 efekty nevyzeraj\u00fa celkom tak, ako to autori t\u00fdchto program\u00e1torsk\u00fdch z\u00e1zrakov pl\u00e1novali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Srdcom mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da je mikroprocesor Z-80A s taktom 3,5MHz, mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d obsahuje 16KB pam\u00e4te EPROM s „opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom“, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 r\u00f4zne podoby (o t\u00fdch si povieme na z\u00e1ver seri\u00e1lu), 64kB pam\u00e4te RAM, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 (s alternat\u00edvnym programov\u00fdm v\u00fdbaven\u00edm) aj v AllRAM m\u00f3de. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia m\u00e1 \u010dierno-biely videov\u00fdstup, ktor\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 doplnkovou kon\u0161trukciou aj o farebn\u00fd videov\u00fdstup v norme PAL a taktie\u017e VHF v\u00fdstup. Rovnako ako p\u00f4vodn\u00fd mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010d aj MISTRUM m\u00e1 samozrejme vstup a v\u00fdstup pre kazetov\u00fd magnetof\u00f3n za \u00fa\u010delom ukladania programov (programy nahran\u00e9 na p\u00e1sku zo ZX Spectra id\u00fa bez probl\u00e9mov nahra\u0165 do MISTRUM-u a naopak), na rozdiel od origin\u00e1lu m\u00e1 priamo zabudovan\u00fd interface pre pripojenie joysticku. Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd konektor je vyveden\u00fd rovnako ako v origin\u00e1lnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, pou\u017e\u00edva s\u00edce in\u00fd typ konektora, ale nie je probl\u00e9m zhotovi\u0165 redukciu na priamy konektor, kor\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvanie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch doplnkov p\u00f4vodne skon\u0161truovan\u00fdch pre ZX Spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzh\u013eadom na pomerne vysok\u00fd po\u010det integrovan\u00fdch obvodov (tu\u0161\u00edm 69, ak ma pam\u00e4\u0165 neklame), je doska plo\u0161n\u00fdch spojov v\u00fdrazne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia, ako t\u00e1 p\u00f4vodn\u00e1. Autori dosku umiestnili do krabice sp\u00e1jkovanej z cuprextitu a olepenej samolepiacou tapetou, v samotnom AR je fotografia krabice zlepenej z pregejky a nakoniec v m\u00fazeu (Muzeum v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky FIT VUT Brno<\/a>), kde sa (pokia\u013e viem) jedin\u00fd dochovan\u00fd kus nach\u00e1dza, je umiestnen\u00fd v krabici z nejak\u00e9ho dymov\u00e9ho plastu mne nezn\u00e1meho p\u00f4vodu. Taktie\u017e je tam vystaven\u00e1 krabica od termin\u00e1lu Zvezda, ktorej fotografia bola dos\u0165 zav\u00e1dzaj\u00faco uverejnen\u00e1 na \u00favodnej str\u00e1nke spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho Amat\u00e9rskeho r\u00e1dia, av\u0161ak t\u00e1 obsahuje iba jednu z verzi\u00ed kl\u00e1vesnice (a e\u0161te nedokon\u010den\u00fa).<\/p>\n\n\n\nngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n\n\n\n

To by bolo na \u00favod asi v\u0161etko, nabud\u00face si nie\u010do povieme o samotnom vzniku repliky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvou kon\u0161trukciou, ktor\u00fa si pop\u00ed\u0161eme bude legend\u00e1rna \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00e1 replika celosvetovo zn\u00e1meho, a\u017e kultovn\u00e9ho mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da ZX Spectrum od firmy Sinclair, ktor\u00fd svojim uveden\u00edm na trh poriadne roz\u010deril dovtedy pomerne pokojn\u00e9 vody trhu s osobn\u00fdmi a dom\u00e1cimi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi. A to jednak svojou kompaktnos\u0165ou, na t\u00fa dobu neb\u00fdval\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami (relat\u00edvne ve\u013ek\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165, farebn\u00e1 grafika, zabudovan\u00fd v\u00fdkonn\u00fd … Pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed: Replika mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010da MISTRUM I. – vznik a hist\u00f3ria<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klony-zx-spectrum","category-mistrum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":129,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24\/revisions\/129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.8bit-replicas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}